MOG and neuromyelitis optica: While AQP4-specific antibodies target the AQP4 water channel protein expressed on astrocyte end-feet processes causing a severe astrocytopathy called neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (3, 4), MOG-specific antibodies target the extracellular N-terminal immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-domain of MOG expressed on myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (2, 5, 6).