High levels of IL17 lead to enhanced periodontal inflammation as stated above, whereas a decreased generation of Th17 cells and the impairment of IL17/IL23 signaling pathway are associated with a high susceptibility to oral candidiasis (CMC), highlighting the role of IL17 axis in antifungal immunity at barrier sites (250, 252). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.