LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Our results indicate that the genetic factors predisposing to increased BMI and increased leptin levels in ↑WS depression are highly correlated, in line with the hypothesis that increased leptin levels are generally a consequence of increased BMI rather than a cause (at least in common forms of obesity), although different pathogenetic mechanisms may lead to similar phenotypes (Myers et al., 2010).