For instance, a meta-analysis revealed that smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) benefit from either anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy or a combined regimen of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and chemotherapy whereas only the combined regimen is feasible for non-smokers with NSCLC [84]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.