And more recently durvalumab [21], a selective, high affinity human IgG1 monoclonal antibody which impedes PD-L1 from binding to PD-1 and CD80 [22], to be used in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy, etoposide, and platinum-based chemotherapy agent, as a frontline treatment for adult patients with ES-SCLC [6,7]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is small cell lung carcinoma.