Consistently, expressions of IL-1b, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ were dramatically increased following silica, but their expression showed much weaker in miR-135a-overexpressed lungs, compared to the control mice following silica exposure (Figure 4), indicating miR-135a restoration attenuates inflammatory response in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Here, TNF is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.