Compared to non-CF, we found that CF macrophages secreted significantly more IL-6 (P = 0.0102) and IL-8 (P = 0.0382) in response to 24 h exposure to LPS (Fig. 1a,b), but not IL-1β (Fig. 1c) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (Fig. 1d). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cystic fibrosis.