TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Taken together, these results show that on average sporadic ALS is associated with a more pronounced motor cortex pTDP-43 proteinopathy and neuroinflammatory pathological phenotype than C9-ALS, implicate TDP-43 as a driver of microglial activation, and broadly highlight the significant variability in the severity of motor cortical pathology across the spectrum of ALS genotypes.