INS and Hyperglycemia: The result of this abnormal insulin activity is a state of hyperglycemia, which contributes to a number of dysfunctions in body and tissues: the excessive production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria (Jiao et al. 2015); the increase in protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and nucleic acid damage, all leading to cell damage (Jiao et al. 2015; Zabłocka and Janusz 2008); and chronic, difficult-to-soothe inflammation (Jiao et al. 2015).