Using fluorescence microscopy to examine which tumor epithelial component was most affected by the single and combination therapies, Abraxane induced expression of mesenchymal (CSV, LSD1p, and ALHD1A) and stem-like markers (CD133, ALDH1A, and ABCB5) in the primary tumors consistent with our previous data (45), while phenelzine and its combinations reduced expression of these markers significantly more than anti-PD1 or Abraxane (which increased expression of these markers) (Figure 2B). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.