Moreover, increases in IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TGF-β have been reported in patients with SCH, and have been associated with negative symptoms (Potvin et al., 2008; Goldsmith et al., 2018; Momtazmanesh et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and spindle cell hemangioma.