IL10 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In the presymptomatic disease, microglial cells have been shown to overexpress the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10); importantly, it was reported that blocking IL-10 increased inflammation and accelerated clinical onset, whereas overexpressing IL-10 in microglia by gene therapy means delayed disease onset and improved survival of ALS mice; thus, targeted overexpression of IL-10 in microglia may have therapeutic potential in human ALS (Gravel et al., 2016; Figure 1).