Subsequently, researchers found that the up-regulation of NF-κB signaling in wild-type microglia induced gliosis and MN death, both in vitro and in vivo, and the down-regulation of NF-κB signaling in microglia rescued MNs from microglial-mediated death in vitro and prolonged survival in ALS mice by weakening proinflammatory microglial activation. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.