Meanwhile, rAF-IL12 treatment in vivo significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the expression level of Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), BRAF, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), NOTCH1, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the tumour and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression level of BAX and p53 (Fig. 10b). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.