NDRG1 and breast carcinoma: Out of the 149 genes, 9 were observed to be amplified, up-regulated, or down-regulated in more than 10% of the 963 patients in the TCGA breast cancer dataset.12 Of these, 3 genes, NDRG1, EXT1, and PVT1, are known to be located in the frequently amplified 8q24 cytoband in breast cancer (Figure 2A).