Wu et al. performed single-cell sequencing of the RNA and TCRs of individual T cells in patients with different cancer types and uncovered that the clonal expansion of effector-like T cells at a systematic level across tumors, adjacent normal tissues and peripheral blood could mediate better responses to anti-PD-L1 therapies.202 These findings indicate that effective responses to ICIs require replenishment of fresh, nonexhausted T cells from peripheral blood. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.