High expression of miR-497-5p inhibits proliferation and invasion in CRC cell lines through targeting IGF1R [169], insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), which influences IGF1R signalling [170], protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3), which is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation [171], and kinase suppressor of ras 1 (KSR1), which induces the Raf/MED/ERK pathway and via its influence oncogenic transformation as well [172]. Here, IRS1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.