Circulating levels of markers such as P- and E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) have been used as markers of endothelial dysfunction [24]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.