HMGB1 was undetected in the CSF of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients, whereas high expression of HMGB1 was shown in the CSF of TBI patients, suggesting that HMGB1 release may be driven by trauma, and not by increased hydrocephalus [45], supporting the biomarker potential of HMGB1 in the CSF of TBI cases and highlighting its specificity compared to other neurological disorders. Here, HMGB1 is linked to normal pressure hydrocephalus.