At the day of diabetes manifestation, immediately before the start of therapy, the diabetic rats that were responsive to the anti-TCR therapy alone or in combination with anti-IFN-γ or with anti-IL-1β showed a significant more than threefold increase of the proliferation rate analysed by Ki67 staining (Fig. 3a); the apoptosis rate increased more than 30-fold (Fig. 3b) compared with healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and diabetes mellitus.