Immediately after diabetes manifestation, antibody combination therapies were initiated over 5 days with anti-TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor), anti-IL-1β (interleukin), or anti-IFN-γ (interferon) together with anti-TCR for the reversal of the diabetic metabolic state in the IDDM rat. Here, TNF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.