HMGB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Furthermore, we also silenced p53 by siRNA transfection in primary hepatocytes from wild-type mice with a silencing efficiency of 92.5% (Supplementary Figure 3c) and found that Hmgb1 knockdown also blocked autophagy induction and alleviated NAFLD symptoms via p53 knockdown (Supplementary Figure 6a–c).