Furthermore, a specific 36-gene signature was strongly associated with poor survival in patients with resected iCCA8, and a meta-analysis of 73 studies (including 4,126 patients with CCA) revealed 77 prognostic protein biomarkers, of which fascin, EGFR, mucin 1 (MUC1), MUC4 and p27 were independently associated with OS: high levels of EGFR, MUC1, MUC4 and fascin expression were associated with reduced survival, whereas a high level of p27 expression was associated with increased survival294. This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and cholangiocarcinoma.