Similarly, inhibition of NOTCH2, the expression of which has been shown to be related to well-differentiated iCCA155, markedly reduced tumour burden in various mouse models of liver cancer (including iCCA)81,159, whereas overexpression of NOTCH3 was associated with the development and progression of iCCA, promoting cell survival via PI3K–AKT signalling160. The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is infantile convulsions and choreoathetosis.