They found that LCN2 induced expression of antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2 in RPE cells and could inhibit the cytotoxic effects of H2O2 and LPS, and exacerbated inflammation following light exposure was observed in LCN2 knockout mice model of Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration [21]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and age-related macular degeneration.