Similarly, another study also showed that CSF-derived EVs from HTLV-1 patients carried the Tax protein despite undetectable viral levels (Detection of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I proteins in exosomes from HAM/TSP patient CSF by novel nanotrap technology (I7-5E) Monique Anderson, Benjamin Lepene, Fatah Kashanchi, Steven Jacobson, Neurology Apr 2015, 84 (14 Supplement) I7-5E). Here, CNTN2 is linked to tropical spastic paraparesis.