PTEN and cancer: The most frequently mutated genes in PTEN-defective solid tumors are well-known cancer genes, such as TP53, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), titin (TTN), mucin 16 (MUC16), PIK3CA, axonemal central pair apparatus (HYDIN), BRAF, cadherin-1 (CDH1), and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), irrespective of the tumor type (Figure 8).