STAT3 and breast carcinoma: In particular, STAT3 signaling is involved in the mechanism for self-renewal regulation of CSCs, and conversion of non-CSCs into CSCs, through the regulation of IL-6-Jak1-STAT3-OCT3 [287] or in tumorigenic potential, mammosphere-forming efficiency, and ALDH activity of breast cancer cells through VEGFR-2/STAT3 signaling [288].