The cellular stress response pathway involves redox survival vitagenes, genes encoding for heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as thioredoxin (Trx) and sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) protein systems, which confer a cytoprotective state in a great variety of human diseases, particularly, in diabetic nephropathy [27,28,29,30,31]. Here, TXN is linked to diabetic kidney disease.