With the aim to improve successful therapies for MDS patients, a phase I trial is currently evaluating the efficacy of a combination of HMAs and experimental peptide vaccination against the NY-ESO-1, PRAME, MAGE-A3, and WT-1 tumor antigens in patients with high-risk MDS and AML (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02750995). The gene discussed is MAGEA3; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.