In particular, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed and/or activated in a wide variety of cancers, as is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK.3 Uncontrolled activation of the EGFR/Ras-signalling pathway is, therefore, an important step towards carcinogenesis and the co-evolution of a tumour-supporting microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and cancer.