TGFB1 and neoplasm: DNA sequencing studies show no difference in the mutational profile of driver genes in tumour buds in comparison with the main tumour mass,22 although RNA sequencing studies clearly underline changes in mRNA and microRNAs involved in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and WNT signalling pathways.3,23 Downstream of these pathways, repressors of the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin are overexpressed, as are markers of extracellular matrix degradation and migration.