In group J, significant differences between controls and OAK patients were detected in the concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, TNF-R2 and sFas: the concentration of TNF-α was higher in controls, and the concentrations of the other factors were higher in OAK patients (Fig. 4). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and autosomal dominant optic atrophy, classic form.