In group J, significant differences between controls and OAK patients were detected in the concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, TNF-R2 and sFas: the concentration of TNF-α was higher in controls, and the concentrations of the other factors were higher in OAK patients (Fig. 4). Here, VEGFA is linked to autosomal dominant optic atrophy, classic form.