Moreover, irrespective of the conditions used, we identified proteins previously detected in Borrelia-infected skin as infection markers in mice treated without lidocaine15,16, i.e. flagellin, OspC, enolase, GAPDH, lipoprotein gi|365823350, flagellar filament outer layer, elongation factor Tu, DbpA, GroEL and l-lactate dehydrogenase (Table 4). Here, YBX3 is linked to infection.