In brief, they found that (1) pancreatic tumors have a significantly higher density of VISTA, predominantly on CD68+ macrophages; (2) the engagement of the VISTA inhibitory pathway resulted in a greater decrease in CD8+ T cell responses than that achieved by the engagement of PD-L1 pathway; and (3) blockade of VISTA rather than PD-L1 inhibits cytokine production by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.