VSIR and neoplasm: In accordance with previous reports about the contradictory roles of VISTA in cancer immunity, the outcomes of integrated immunological correlation analyses showed the following: (1) VISTA expression levels correlated positively with the relative abundance of almost all types of TILs with tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting functions across 30 types of cancers, including but not limited to, activated CD8 T cells, natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, and MDSC (Fig. 4a).