The inactivation of HMGB1 with specific anti-HMGB1 antibodies increased the survival of animals with severe polymicrobial sepsis, reduced high tidal volume ventilation-induced lung injury, and diminished endotoxin and hemorrhage-induced increases in pulmonary levels of inflammatory cytokines (Abraham et al. 2000; Lutz and Stetkiewicz 2004; Ogawa et al. 2006; Ueno et al. 2004). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Sepsis.