PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma: Four combinations have demonstrated either progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) improvements over the VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) standard of care (SOC) sunitinib in the first-line setting for advanced or metastatic RCC with clear cell component: nivolumab (anti-PD-1) plus ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) [8], pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) plus axitinib (VEGFR-TKI) [9], avelumab (anti-PD-L1) plus axitinib [10], and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L 1) plus bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) [11].