CXCL10 and infection: This is observed in our model with the dramatic, 13,000-fold increase in CXCL10 expression in response to H1N1pdm09 infection, consistent with differentiated human airway epithelial cells infected with a Hong Kong isolate of the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic strain [59], wdNHBE cells infected with pandemic IAV strains from a fatal (A/KY/180/10) and nonfatal (A/KY/136/09) case [62] and in patients infected with pandemic IAV [93,121,122,123].