PTPN6 and prostate cancer: Here the abrogation of Shp1 in tumor-specific effector T-cells, either by in-vitro transduction of Shp-1 shRNA-expressing-T-cells (104) or T-cells conjugated with Shp1 inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles (103), significantly enhances the effector function and tumor clearance in the therapy of disseminated leukemia and advanced prostate cancer, respectively.