Indeed, in human HCC lines, mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in p53/PGC1a-dependent way were downregulated because CD147 facilitated the cell surface expression of MCT1 and lactate export, which led to the activation of PI3K/AKT/MDM2 pathway and thus increased p53 degradation128,129. Here, MDM2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.