TGFB1 and neoplasm: These cells congregate within or around the edges of tumors and express immunosuppressive cytokines, chemokines, or cell-surface ligands, including C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)17, CXCL18, CXCL22, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TGF-β, IL-10, and PD-L1; this inhibits or effectively inactivates cytotoxic immune cells and promotes tumor growth [2, 13, 15, 17, 18].