CD8A and neoplasm: The underlying mechanisms of treatments that reinforce tumor immunity include increasing the abundances of immunostimulatory cells, such as NK, CD4+, and CD8+ cells; the upregulation of proinflammatory factors, including IL-2, interferon- (IFN-) γ, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α; and the downregulation of several angiogenesis factors and immunosuppressive compounds, such as Treg cells, TAMs, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, CXCL-8, and CXCL-12 (see Tables 1 and 2).