IFNG and neoplasm: Activated Th1 cells released cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin (IL)-2, which can inhibit tumor progression by mediating cellular immunity, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells, and inhibiting the formation of neovascularization in tumors, while activated Th2 cells released IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and other cytokines, through the mediator fluid immunity, and played a role in promoting tumor growth (Huang et al., 2017; Mateu-Jimenez et al., 2017).