For instance, the new prediction that Th2 responses are higher and sustained in sOP children during AOM is derived from analyses of multiple input (CCL2, CCL5, IFNG, IL1B, IL23, IL4, IL6, IL7, and TNF) and output (IL4, IL6, and IL10) signals over the course of an AOM event. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infectious otitis media.