S100B levels were significantly increased in TIA patients (61.73 pg/mL; IQR 35.39–94.25) compared to healthy controls (28.90 pg/mL; IQR 20.28–44.17) (Kruskal–Wallis test: chi square = 6.32, p = 0.04, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test: p < 0.05), whereas S100B levels in ischemic stroke patients (46.10 pg/mL; IQR 24.58–56.52) were comparable to healthy controls (p = 0.21). Here, S100B is linked to transient ischemic attack.