Coherently, the differential expression of transcripts related to mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (PPP3R1 and PPP4R4) which respectively regulates calcineurin and phosphatase activity were associated with EE individuals, whereas PPP2R1A which is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division was differentially expressed in IE subjects; for details, see https://www.genecards.org/. This evidence concerns the gene PPP4R4 and ethylmalonic encephalopathy.