The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study of atherosclerosis followed 3,363 black subjects (2.6% had mutations in PCSK9) and 9,524 white subjects (3.2% had mutations in PCSK9) over a 15-year interval and showed no difference in stroke rates between participants with PCSK9 LOF Y142X or C679X variants and controls (Cohen et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and atherosclerosis.