Several of them promote Toll-like receptor (TLR) and CD40 activation, induce interferon production (stimulator of interferon genes, STING agonists), inhibit the immunosuppressive adenosine pathway (anti-CD73, anti-adenosine A2A receptor [A2AR]) or promote phagocytosis of cancer cells by inhibiting the CD47-signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) ‘don’t eat me' signalling axis.56 Only few of these clinical programmes have yielded promising results and many have been terminated due to toxicities. The gene discussed is ADORA2A; the disease is cancer.