BRAF and neoplasm: The most common genetic changes in PTC are mutations in B-type RAF kinase (BRAF) of the RAS/BRAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway [3]; the most frequent mutation (95%) is BRAFV600E [4, 5], which is associated with enhanced extrathyroid extension, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and advanced tumor stage [6–8].