Several of these checkpoints have been detected, such as programmed death cell protein 1 (PD-1), which is common and has occurred during the treatment of melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma (Andrews 2017; Roberts 2017; Ma 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.