FGF21 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a circulating factor produced by hepatocytes that has been implicated to act protectively against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, mainly by enhancing glucose transport into adipose tissue, stimulates expression levels of hepatic GLUT1 and GLUT4, thereby also increasing glucose influx in an autocrine manner (Fig. 1).