In addition, while mutations in MSH3 and MLH3 have been implicated in a variety of cancers and cancer predisposition syndromes [52–57], PMS1 mutations have not been definitively associated with any cancer predisposition to date either in mice [42] or humans (see omim.org/entry/600258?search=pms1&highlight=pms1). This evidence concerns the gene MSH3 and cancer.