Illustratively, after adjusting for age, CD4 cell count, tuberculosis and pregnancy at baseline, men were 22% (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.79) less likely to start ART in comparison to woman during Period 1.Men had higher mortality overall (AHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.25 in the 200 cell/μL threshold), higher mortality in the first eligibility period prior to initiating ART (AHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17) and higher mortality on ART (AHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.25 in the first era). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.