STAT3 and infection: Furthermore, the STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) pathway might be involved in this increased proliferative activity of the urothelium during infection, because found the expression of pSTAT3 (phosphorylated/activated STAT3; pTyr705‐STAT3) significantly increased on day 6 (P < 0.0001) and on day 9 (P < 0.0001) following infection.6